Studies will vary due to teacher preferences so sorry if
these studies are not helpful for you.
Watson and Raynor (1920) ‘Little Albert’
Aims:
-
To demonstrate that classical conditioning could
be used to create a fear response in a child to an harmless stimulus
-
To prove that classical conditioning can be used
to account for human behaviour
Procedure:
-
Lab experiment
-
One participant, male infant, nine months of
age, Albert Little, known as being emotionally stable
-
Was assessed on responses to many objects such
as a white rate (neutral stimulus) in which he displayed not fear
-
He was presented with the rat again two months
later and when he reached for it the researchers struck a four foot metal bar
(unconditioned stimulus) right behind his ear, which frightened him, this was
repeated twice a week and twice more 17 days later.
Results:
-
Throughout the trials Albert went from being
suspicious of the rat to having a fear of the rat
Conclusion:
-
Shows that it is possible to artificially induce
emotional responses through classical conditioning
-
Little Albert was to be deconditioned but was
later adopted and his adoptive mother refused.
Remember when evaluating this study to talk about how Watson
and Raynor break ethical guidelines such as Protection of Participants and
Informed Consent.
If you need any more help please leave a comment below.
Bandura (1961) ‘Imitation of Aggressive Models’
Aims:
-
To see whether aggression could be acquired through
modelling
-
Whether children were more likely to imitate
same sex role models
Procedure:
- 72 Children, 36 boys and 36 Girls
- Two conditions 1= aggressive adult model 2= Non
aggressive adult model (there was also a control group with no model)
-
Each child spent ten minutes with the model
-
Other toys were in the room other than the bobo
doll
-
Matched pairs were used, children were matched
for aggression (this was asked by nurses rather than parents to reduce bias)
-
Observation was used with a one way mirror
-
Qualative data was collected (Use this when
evaluating)
Results:
-
Children observed in the aggressive model
condition were significantly more aggressive and mimicked exactly the model’s
behaviour.
-
The effect was greater in boys; however girls
were more likely to imitate verbal aggression.
Conclusion:
-
Observers had a greater tendency to imitate same
sex models
-
Observation and imitation can account for the
learning of specific acts without
reinforcement of either the model or observer.
No comments:
Post a Comment